Back الحركة الوطنية الصومالية Arabic Moviment Nacional Somali Catalan Somalische Nationale Bewegung German Mouvement national somalien French Gerakan Nasional Somalia ID Movimento Nazionale Somalo Italian ソマリ国民運動 Japanese Movimento Nacional Somali Portuguese Сомалийское национальное движение Russian SNM Somali
| Somali National Movement (SNM) | |
|---|---|
| Arabic | |
 | |
| Leaders | Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid (1981–1982) Sheikh Yusuf Ali Sheikh Madar (1982–1983)[1] Colonel Abdiqadir Kosar Abdi (1983–1984)[1] Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud (1984–1990) 2 Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur (1990–1991)[2] |
| Group(s) | Isaaq |
| Headquarters | London (1981–1982) Hargeisa (1989–1991)[3] |
| Active regions |  Somaliland Somalia |
| Ideology | Anti-communism Sharia |
| Allies | USC Ethiopia |
| Opponents | Somalia |
| Battles and wars | Somaliland War of Independence |
The Somali National Movement (Somali: Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed, Arabic: الحركة الوطنية الصومالية) was one of the first and most important organized guerilla groups and Mujahideen[4] groups that opposed the Siad Barre regime in the 1980s to the 1990s, as well as being the main anti-government faction during the Somaliland War of Independence.[5] The organisation was founded in London, England, on April 6, 1981 by Hassan Isse Jama, Hassan Adan Wadadid, and Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid and other former Somali diplomats, who stated that initially the group's purpose was to overthrow the Siad Barre regime.[6]
In May 1991, the organisation declared an independent Republic of Somaliland in the region that had constituted British Somaliland before independence and unification with the former colony of Italian Somaliland in 1960 after a bloody war of independence.[7]
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
:0was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Civil Society & their role in Africa's struggle to deepen democracy: Experiences of Somaliland in the Horn by Cde. Iqbal Jhazbhay" (PDF). www.alnef.org.za. Retrieved 2019-09-12.
- ^ Connaughton, Stacey L.; Berns, Jessica (2019-09-09). Locally Led Peacebuilding: Global Case Studies. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-1411-7.
- ^ The Somali national movements message to Somalia, retrieved 2024-01-07
- ^ United States Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services, Resource Information Center. "Somalia: Somali National Movement from its inception through the present".
- ^ Helen Chapin Metz, ed., Somalia: a country study, Volume 550, Issues 86-993, (The Division: 1993), p.xxviii.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:5was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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